{"id":3129,"date":"2021-08-16T09:32:22","date_gmt":"2021-08-16T09:32:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/turkce\/haberler-dunya-58224913"},"modified":"2021-08-16T09:45:07","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T09:45:07","slug":"taliban-afghanistani-20-yil-oncesine-mi-goturecek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/2021\/08\/16\/taliban-afghanistani-20-yil-oncesine-mi-goturecek\/","title":{"rendered":"Taliban, Afghanistan’\u0131 20 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine mi g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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14 Kas\u0131m 2001’de, sevin\u00e7 g\u00f6sterileri yapan kalabal\u0131klar\u0131 yar\u0131p gazeteci arkada\u015flar\u0131mla Kabil’e girdi\u011fimde, “Allah’a \u00e7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr geldiniz” diye ba\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 bir adam. <\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Afganistan’da ABD’nin ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin destekledi\u011fi Taliban kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Kuzey \u0130ttifak\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri kentin etraf\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015f, Taliban engellenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcren ve son d\u00f6nemlerin en a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dinci diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan y\u00f6netim sona ermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Taliban y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda Afganistan, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrebilece\u011fi bir kara delik haline gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Usame bin Ladin ve El Kaide hareketinin planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD’nin New York ve Washington kentlerinde d\u00fczenlenen 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden sadece iki ay ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. O zamanlar, Taliban’\u0131n yeniden bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7 akl\u0131ma gelmezdi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u015eimdi de herkes bunun nedenlerini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ama neden bulmak zor de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Taliban 1996-2001 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Afganistan’\u0131 y\u00f6netmi\u015fti. Ard\u0131ndan gelen Hamid Karzai ve E\u015fref Gani h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri demokratik se\u00e7imlerle gelmi\u015flerdi, ama hi\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6netim olamad\u0131lar. Yolsuzluk hep en iyi i\u015fleyen sistem oldu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ancak, Donald Trump ABD’de 2020 se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde, ikinci d\u00f6nem se\u00e7ilmek i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f politikada ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir ad\u0131m atmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve Afganistan’daki uzun s\u00fcreli sava\u015fa son vermenin bunu sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp Amerikan askerlerini geri \u00e7ekme karar\u0131 almam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 bug\u00fcn E\u015fref Gani hala saray\u0131nda ve Bat\u0131’dan gelmi\u015f pahal\u0131 arac\u0131yla dola\u015f\u0131yor olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m pek \u00e7ok Afgan politikac\u0131 ve gazeteci, ABD’nin \u015eubat 2020’de Katar’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Doha’da Taliban’\u0131n siyasi liderleriyle m\u00fczakerelerden \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Yeni Ba\u015fkan Joe Biden’\u0131n da orada al\u0131nan kararlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 bu \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha da art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Doha’da Taliban liderleri ne kadar \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, ne vaatlerde bulunsa da, sahadaki Taliban sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015fman\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri kurallar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmayacaklar\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131lar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6yle de oldu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve di\u011fer Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler askerlerini \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra, Afganistan genelinde Taliban sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 iktidara oynad\u0131. Mahkumlar\u0131n idam edilmesi haberleri bir kentten di\u011ferine yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve pani\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sonunda ba\u015fkent Kabil de buna teslim oldu. Yetkililer ve askerler kenti veya \u00fclkeyi terk etmek i\u00e7in havaalan\u0131na y\u0131\u011f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Taliban belki de polis, asker ve kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6revde kalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lara, kimseden intikam al\u0131nmayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 vaatlerine sad\u0131k kalacak.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Yeniden Bat\u0131’n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesine yol a\u00e7acak bir \u015fey yapmaman\u0131n daha g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek belki.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Peki, Taliban’\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeki bir Afganistan bu kez nas\u0131l bir \u00fclke olacak?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Buna dair elimizdeki tek ipucu Taliban’\u0131n 1996’da (yine birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde – Afganistan’da i\u015fler b\u00f6yle y\u00fcr\u00fcyor) Ahmet \u015eah Mesut liderli\u011findeki \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 m\u00fccahitlerin y\u00f6netimini devirip iktidar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve be\u015f y\u0131l boyunca elinde tuttu\u011fu d\u00f6neme ait.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Taliban’\u0131n iktidarda oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde Afganistan’da epey zaman ge\u00e7irdim ve olduk\u00e7a \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc buldum.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Her yerde en kat\u0131 \u015eeriat kurallar\u0131 ge\u00e7erliydi; herkesin ortas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan idamlar, ta\u015flamalar, k\u0131rba\u00e7lamalar yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde uygulan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Sokak kenarlar\u0131nda toplanan ve etraf\u0131 g\u00f6zetlemeyi kendilerine g\u00f6rev edinen gruplar, az \u00e7ok Bat\u0131 tarz\u0131 giyinmi\u015f ki\u015filere, ayak bile\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen erkeklere sald\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kad\u0131nlar ancak erkeklerden yaz\u0131l\u0131 izin alm\u0131\u015flarsa ve tabii ki burka ile soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kabiliyordu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Bir keresinde Taliban sa\u011fl\u0131k bakan\u0131 Molla Balu\u00e7, h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n elini ve aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesmek i\u00e7in kendisine cerrah vermemesinden dolay\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’nden yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu i\u015fi kendisinin yapmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 bana ve bundan zevk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Televizyona \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak kabus gibiydi; herhangi bir canl\u0131n\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmek dini nedenlerle yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; resimli kitap satan kitap\u00e7\u0131lar sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fruyordu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Yapabilenler kentten ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7o\u011fu d\u00fckkan kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Taliban’\u0131n petrol ithalat edecek paras\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, gece g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek en parlak \u0131\u015f\u0131k, pencere \u00f6nlerindeki mumlar, duyulabilecek en y\u00fcksek ses, terk edilmi\u015f k\u00f6peklerin havlamalar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7e\u015fitli Afgan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin ve onlar\u0131n Bat\u0131l\u0131 destek\u00e7ilerinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Taliban’\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra Kabil ve di\u011fer kentlerde ticaret canland\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131 y\u00fckseldi. Bir zamanlar bo\u015f olan caddeler arabalarla doldu. \u00d6zellikle k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n gitmesiyle okullar canl\u0131l\u0131k kazand\u0131; zira Taliban d\u00f6neminde k\u0131zlar\u0131n e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesi yasakt\u0131. Yine Taliban d\u00f6neminde yasak olan m\u00fczik de her yerde duyulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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D\u00f6rt bir yanda yeni binalar in\u015fa edildi. Kabil’e en son gitti\u011fimde, 2001’de BBC’den arkada\u015flar\u0131mla kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m yeri bile bulamad\u0131m. T\u00fcm b\u00f6lge yeniden in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7o\u011fu Afgan, Taliban’\u0131n iktidar\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131 kendileri ve \u00fclkeleri i\u00e7in felaket olarak g\u00f6recektir. \u015eimdi as\u0131l soru \u015fu: Taliban i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fclerini izleyerek Afganistan’\u0131 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi radikal bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7mi\u015fe mi ta\u015f\u0131yacak, yoksa ge\u00e7mi\u015ften ders ald\u0131 m\u0131?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BBC’nin k\u0131demli muhabiri John Simpson, 2001’de ABD \u00f6nderli\u011findeki koalisyon g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle birlikte Kabil’e girmi\u015fti. Simpson, Afganistan’\u0131n 2021’de nas\u0131l bir \u00fclke olaca\u011f\u0131 sorusuna yan\u0131t arad\u0131. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3130,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,11,185],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","category-genel","category-manset"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3129"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3137,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3129\/revisions\/3137"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}