{"id":25055,"date":"2021-11-09T14:24:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T14:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberglobal.com.tr\/yasam\/modern-sehirlerin-buyuk-sorunu-umumi-tuvaletler-142805"},"modified":"2021-11-09T14:24:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T14:24:00","slug":"modern-sehirlerin-buyuk-sorunu-umumi-tuvaletler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/2021\/11\/09\/modern-sehirlerin-buyuk-sorunu-umumi-tuvaletler\/","title":{"rendered":"Modern \u015fehirlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunu: Umumi tuvaletler"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Son y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerinin yeni bir sorunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131: Etrafta yeterince tuvalet olmamas\u0131. Karantina d\u00f6neminde sokakta olmak durumunda olan vatanda\u015flar restoranlar kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in beklemek durumunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomisine sahip Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin umumi tuvaletler konusundaki hali olduk\u00e7a k\u00f6t\u00fc. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00f6zel raport\u00f6r\u00fc 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u2018temiz su ve temizlik\u2019 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ABD\u2019de ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tablo kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fok olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde 100 bin ki\u015fiye sekiz umumi tuvalet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bu rakam \u0130zlanda\u2019da 56, (d\u00fcnya lideri), \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de 46 ve Yeni Zelanda\u2019da 45.<\/p>\n

Kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k tuvalet say\u0131s\u0131 ABD\u2019de \u00f6yle az ki baz\u0131 Uber \u015fof\u00f6rlerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 otomobillerinde bile g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bas\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2020 yaz\u0131nda George Floyd protestolar\u0131 i\u00e7in New York ve Washington D.C.\u2019de aylar sonra d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan halk umumi tuvalet bulmakta zorlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

PAR\u0130S’TEN P\u0130SUARI ALDILAR<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Umuma a\u00e7\u0131k tuvaletler tarih boyunca \u015fehirler i\u00e7in baz\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na da davetiye \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n merkezi olmu\u015flar. 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda New York\u2019ta sorun \u00f6yle bir hale gelmi\u015f ki Paris\u2019teki pisuar sistemini kurarak daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir sistem olu\u015fturmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019de ise kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k tuvaletler kurulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun ya\u015fad\u0131. D\u00f6nemin ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 gere\u011fi \u2018kad\u0131n\u0131n yeri evidir\u2019 inanc\u0131 hakimdi ve umumi tuvaletler kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6re dizayn edilmemi\u015fti. 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda New York Belediyesi kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re umumi tuvaletleri g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 erkek kullan\u0131rken 25 kad\u0131n bu kamu hizmetinden faydalan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

BELED\u0130YE 2014 YILINDA BA\u015eLADI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u2018\u015eehir Tuvaletleri\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi projeyi ba\u015flatarak \u015fehrin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda 110 modern tuvaleti hizmete ald\u0131. Ye\u015filk\u00f6y sahili, Ma\u00e7ka Park\u0131 gibi yaz\u0131n u\u011frak nokta olan mekanlarda da b\u00fcy\u00fck tuvaletler \u0130stanbul kartla hizmet veriyor.<\/p>\n

Peki \u00f6zel tuvaletlerin durumu ne? \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u00e7e\u015fitli semtlerini dola\u015farak bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 arad\u0131k.<\/strong> Fatih ve Emin\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nde \u00fccretli \u00f6zel \u00fccretli tuvalete rastlamak pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019taki i\u015fletmeler ise uzun s\u00fcredir \u00fccretlerine zam yapmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (1.5 TL) s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz bir tuvalet i\u015fletmesi sahibi, \u201cPandemide 5-6 ay \u00e7ok zorland\u0131m ama daha sonra i\u015fler d\u00fczeldi\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye N\u00fcfus ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 (2018) sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki hanehalk\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 98\u2019inin sadece evde ya\u015fayanlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f tuvalet imkan\u0131 bulunuyor. Bu tuvaletlerin y\u00fczde 88\u2019i bir kanalizasyon sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re; k\u0131rsal alandaki evlerin y\u00fczde 27,5\u2019inde evin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da bir tuvalet bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

I\u015eIK \u00d6NEML\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de umumi tuvaletlerden vatanda\u015f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fikayetlerinden biri yeterince ayd\u0131nlatma olmamas\u0131. Doktor Zehra S\u00f6zbir K\u00f6yl\u00fc, \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kamusal tuvaletler \u00fczerine bir tasar\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131: \u015eehirli ve e\u011fitimli kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tuvalet deneyimi\u2019 isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015fu ifadeleri kullan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in ayd\u0131nl\u0131k tuvaletler \u201cg\u00fcven veren\u201d, \u201cne var ne yoksa g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen\u201d, \u201csaklayacak bir \u015feyi olmayan\u201d tuvaletlerken, karanl\u0131k tuvaletler \u201ci\u00e7 karart\u0131c\u0131\u201d, \u201ckasvetli\u201d ve \u201cg\u00fcvensiz\u201d olarak tarif edilmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re kullan\u0131c\u0131lar tuvaletlerin temizli\u011fine de olduk\u00e7a merakl\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 tuvaleti kulland\u0131ktan sonra bu kadar yak\u0131n el y\u0131kamaktan da rahats\u0131z oldu\u011funu \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle dile getiriyor: E o kadar dip dibe olmak ho\u015f bir \u015fey de\u011fil. Ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 olmas\u0131 bence daha iyi olurdu. \u0130nsan bir an evvel elini y\u0131kay\u0131p gitmek istiyor.<\/p>\n

Ek kaynaklar: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kamusal tuvaletler \u00fczerine bir tasar\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131: \u015eehirli ve e\u011fitimli kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tuvalet deneyimi, \u0130BB, Where Did All the Public Bathrooms Go?-Bloomberg.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak: Web \u00d6zel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Umumi tuvaletlerin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve temizli\u011fi modern \u015fehirlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorunu. Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klara davetiye \u00e7\u0131karan tuvaletler baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde pandemiden dolay\u0131 kapal\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25056,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25055"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25055\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}