Ancak a\u011fustos ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda elektrik kesintileri ya\u015fand\u0131. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketleri, m\u00fc\u015fterilerini TE\u0130A\u015e kaynakl\u0131 elektrik k\u0131s\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan elektrik kesintileri uygulad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 mesajla duyurdu. Kesintilerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sisteminden de\u011fil, iletim sisteminden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek, kendilerini sorumsuz ilan ettiler. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonucunda sistemde k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli elektrik kesintileri ya\u015fan-d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hemen \u00f6nlemlerini ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bas\u0131nda TE\u0130A\u015e yetkililerinin eksik g\u00fc\u00e7 miktar\u0131n\u0131n 5 bin MW civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledikleri de yer ald\u0131.
Ayn\u0131 hafta \u00fclkemizde b\u00fcy\u00fck orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 meydana geldi. Binlerce hektar orman k\u00fcl oldu. Yang\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinin i\u00e7erisinde kalan k\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 Kemerk\u00f6y Termik Santral\u0131 son anda r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ile yanmaktan kurtuldu. Kemerk\u00f6y Termik Santral\u0131 ile Milas aras\u0131nda ormanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bulunan Yenik\u00f6y Termik Santral\u0131 da yanma tehdidine maruz kald\u0131.
Yanma tehlikesi olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 santrallar\u0131n yanmalar\u0131 durumunda neden olacaklar\u0131 tehlikeler kamuoyunca tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Genelde bir patlama olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde durularak, \u201csantrallar sanki a\u011fa\u00e7lardan daha k\u0131ymetliymi\u015f gibi\u201d ormanlardan \u00e7ok daha iyi korunmas\u0131 ge-rekti\u011fi \u00fczerinde pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi hemfikir oldu. Nitekim Yenik\u00f6y Santral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yang\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, pek \u00e7ok orman i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmayan, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yang\u0131n m\u00fcdahale grubu bekletilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 medyada yer ald\u0131. Yukar\u0131da yer alan olaylar\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kamuoyunca bilinmesi, iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve baz\u0131 sorular\u0131n yan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 yerinde olacak.
Kesintiler neden oldu?<\/strong>
Ya\u015fanan elektrik kesintilerinin Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a nedeni, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Yani sistemde bir ar\u0131za veya yetersizlik yoktu; arz, talebi kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131. Ancak veriler bunu s\u00f6ylemiyor. Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 98.162,4 MW. A\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan puant (en y\u00fcksek-maksimum) g\u00fc\u00e7 talepleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo ve yukar\u0131daki grafikte g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
Tabloda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere resmi veriler, a\u011fustos ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131nda maksimum talebin (t\u00fcketimin) en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn talebin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 75\u2019i oran\u0131nda yedek g\u00fc\u00e7 mevcuttur. Yedekte bekleyen g\u00fc\u00e7, 42 bin MW ile 51 bin MW aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu miktar eksik kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen 5 bin MW g\u00fcc\u00fcn \u00e7ok \u00fczerindedir. Yedek bekleyen bu g\u00fc\u00e7 rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n afaki ol-du\u011fu su azl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 HES\u2019lerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131 santrallar\u0131n ar\u0131zal\u0131 oldu\u011fu vs. s\u00f6ylemlerinde ger\u00e7ek pay\u0131 olabilir. Ancak TE\u0130A\u015e Y\u00fck Tevzi Bilgi Sistemi, her g\u00fcn emre amade olan santrallar\u0131n listesini de yay\u0131nlamaktad\u0131r. Kesintilerin oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn, \u00fcretimleri mevsimsel ve do\u011fa ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan do\u011falgaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallar\u0131n\u0131n emre amade olan g\u00fc\u00e7leri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:
Yani elektrik kesintilerinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn 15 bin MW\u2019dan fazla k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve do\u011falgaz santral-lar\u0131 sisteme elektrik vermemi\u015ftir. Bu santrallardan k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz durumda oldu\u011fu bilinmekte. Ancak mevcut do\u011falgaz santrallar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yedekte bekleyenlerin tamam\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa zamanda devreye al\u0131nabilecek durumda ve yaln\u0131zca bu t\u00fcr santrallar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc bile eksik kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilen 5 bin MW\u2019dan y\u00fczde 50 fazla. Yap\u0131lan elektrik kesintilerinin ana nedeni mevcut do\u011falgaz santrallar\u0131n\u0131n devreye al\u0131nmamas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6-r\u00fcnmektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yap-i\u015flet santrallar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bu santrallar, neden hemen devreye al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? Bu santrallar uzun zamand\u0131r \u00fcretim yapmamakta veya kapasitelerinin \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kadar \u00fcretim yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"elektrik-kesintileri-neden-yasaniyor-910129-1.\"\/](\"https:\/\/static.birgun.net\/resim\/haber-ici-resim\/2021\/08\/14\/elektrik-kesintileri-neden-yasaniyor-910129-1.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n*Elektrik M\u00fchendisi-TMMOB N\u00fckleer Santrallar \u0130zleme Komisyonu \u00dcyesi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ya\u015fanan elektrik kesintilerinin nedeni olarak s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Yani a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re elektrik sisteminde bir ar\u0131za veya yetersizlik yok. Ancak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2333,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,12,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-gundem","category-turkiye"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2332"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2334,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2332\/revisions\/2334"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Emre amade santrallar<\/strong>
Sistemdeki emre amade santrallar\u0131n devreye al\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenleri; ancak santrallar\u0131n sisteme elektrik satacaklar\u0131 fiyat\u0131n kabul edilmemesi veya TE\u0130A\u015e\u2019\u0131n bir g\u00fcn sonraki elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 tespit edemeyerek, al\u0131m yapmamas\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Her iki durumda bir g\u00fc\u00e7 eksik-li\u011fini de\u011fil de b\u00fcrokratik bir i\u015f bilmezli\u011fi i\u015faret etmekte. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n mevsim normallerinin \u00fczerinde artmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile a\u011fustos ay\u0131 ilk haftas\u0131nda saat 14.00 ila 16.00 aras\u0131nda elektrik talebi \u00e7ok artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yukar\u0131daki grafikte g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, art\u0131\u015f ani-den olmam\u0131\u015f ve tedricen geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de en y\u00fcksek elektrik talebi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ile paralellik g\u00f6stermekte. Yani klima kullan\u0131m\u0131 etkili olmakta; bu bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile TE\u0130A\u015e yetkililerinin bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez ancak bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6zlerini kapatm\u0131\u015f olabilirler.
Do\u011falgaz yak\u0131tl\u0131 santrallardan elektrik \u00fcreticilerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Kaliforniya\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, \u201cistedi\u011fimiz fiyat olmazsa elektrik satmay\u0131z\u201d demi\u015f oldu\u011funu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek istemiyoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile meydana gelen elektrik kesintilerinin yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan nedenlerin birisi veya tamam\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 halinde bile sorumlular\u0131n sorumsuzca ve lakaydi i\u00e7erisinde hare-ket etmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte. Nitekim kesintilerin oldu\u011fu 2 A\u011fustos\u2019tan sonra da \u201cpuant talep\u201d artmaya devam etmi\u015f ancak kesintiler olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Yang\u0131nlar\u0131n etkisi<\/strong>
\u00dclkemiz i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir felaket olan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, Kemerk\u00f6y ve Yenik\u00f6y santrallar\u0131n\u0131 da tehdit etmi\u015ftir. Bu durum kamuoyunda orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 ile elektrik tesislerine etkilerinin uzun boylu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar veren felaketlerdir. Yang\u0131n olan b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fam\u0131 yok ederler. E\u011fer yang\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde bir santral ve-ya enerji nakil hatt\u0131 var ise bu tesislerde etkilenir ve hasar g\u00f6r\u00fcr.
Enerji nakil hatlar\u0131 yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fckten k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra onar\u0131labilirler ve yeniden i\u015fler du-ruma getirilebilirler. Santrallar da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde onar\u0131l\u0131p, devreye al\u0131nabilir ancak santralla-r\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 daha uzun zaman al\u0131r ve daha pahal\u0131ya mal olur. K\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 termik santrallarda baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n so\u011futmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere az miktarda \u201chidrojen\u201d ve \u201cstartup\u201d denen ilk devreye alma i\u015fleminde kullan\u0131lan \u201cfuel oil\u201d mevcuttur. Yang\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bunlar mutlaka g\u00fcvenli alanlara ta\u015f\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r aksi durumda yang\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Baz\u0131 ba\u015fka yan\u0131c\u0131 kimyevi maddelerinde santrallarda ar\u0131tma tesisleri i\u00e7in depolanm\u0131\u015f olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu kimyevi maddelerde g\u00fcven alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131. Burada sayd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli maddelerdir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehlike arz etmezler ancak yang\u0131n\u0131n etkisini azda olsa artt\u0131r\u0131rlar. K\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 termik santrallarda yang\u0131n nedeni ile b\u00fcy\u00fck patlamalar\u0131n olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131tl\u0131 santrallarda stok k\u00f6m\u00fcr genellikle \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr ancak yanma tehlikesi yine de vard\u0131r. Ancak k\u00f6m\u00fcr stok sahalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131k alanlard\u0131r ve yanan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yang\u0131n\u0131 azd\u0131rmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azd\u0131r.
Yang\u0131n tehlikesi atlatan Kemerk\u00f6y ve Yenik\u00f6y santrallar\u0131n\u0131n toplam g\u00fcc\u00fc bin 73 MW\u2019d\u0131r ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7erisindeki yeri y\u00fczde 1 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.
Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu zaman \u00f6nemli olan onar\u0131mla veya yenisi ile tekrar-dan elde edilecek yap\u0131 ve tesisler de\u011fil, eski haline gelmesi on y\u0131llar alan ormanlar\u0131n ve or-man i\u00e7i ya\u015fam\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 felakettir. Her bir orman yang\u0131n\u0131 ye\u015fili ve do\u011fal ya\u015fam\u0131 yok eder, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini k\u00f6r\u00fckler ve do\u011frudan insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Ya\u015fam\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olan do-\u011fay\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre etkisiz hale getirir. Do\u011fan\u0131n etkinli\u011fini kaybetmesi ise insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fayabi-lecek bir d\u00fcnyadan mahrum olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu nedenle esas olan yang\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme ile beraber yang\u0131n \u00f6nleme sistemlerinin de geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n elektrik sistemine verebilece\u011fi hasarlar giderilebilir ve etkisi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 hasarlard\u0131r. Santrallar b\u00fcy\u00fck hacimli yat\u0131r\u0131mlard\u0131r ancak yang\u0131n sonras\u0131 onar\u0131labilirler. Onar\u0131m masraflar\u0131 y\u00fcksek olabilir bu nedenle yang\u0131n tehlikesi olan orman alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisine santral yap\u0131lmas\u0131 tercih edilmemelidir. Hen\u00fcz yang\u0131nlar tamamen s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in elektrik sitemindeki hasar tam olarak tespit edilememi\u015ftir. Ancak durdurulan Kemerk\u00f6y santral\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde devreye al\u0131nabilmi\u015ftir.
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son g\u00fcnlerde ya\u015fanan yang\u0131n felaketlerinin \u00f6nemi do\u011faya verdi\u011fi zarard\u0131r, elektrik sistemine vermi\u015f olabilece\u011fi zarar bunun yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kalmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00f6neticiler yang\u0131n \u00f6nleyici tedbirlerin bir an \u00f6nce s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u015fekilde al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n