{"id":20030,"date":"2021-10-14T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberglobal.com.tr\/ekonomi\/dogal-kaynak-zengini-rusyanin-ekonomisi-nasil-138188"},"modified":"2021-10-14T10:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-14T10:00:00","slug":"dogal-kaynak-zengini-rusyanin-ekonomisi-nasil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/2021\/10\/14\/dogal-kaynak-zengini-rusyanin-ekonomisi-nasil\/","title":{"rendered":"Do\u011fal kaynak zengini Rusya&#8217;n\u0131n ekonomisi nas\u0131l?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dogal-kaynak-zengini-rusyanin-ekonomisi-nasil.jpg\"> <\/p>\n<p>Rusya\u2019da 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k Vladimir Putin iktidar\u0131nda \u00fclke hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar zenginle\u015fti fakat halk\u0131n ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131n bu oranda artmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler var. Ekonomik verilere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00fclkenin borcunun gayri safi milli has\u0131las\u0131na oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 18, Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n finansal rezervleri 618 milyar dolar seviyesinde.<\/p>\n<p>2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ise yoksulluk oranlar\u0131 y\u00fckseliyor. Ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 ayl\u0131k geliri 11 bin 700 rublenin&nbsp;(163 dolar) alt\u0131nda olan insan say\u0131s\u0131 n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 13\u2019\u00fcne dayanm\u0131\u015f durumda. Resmi istatistik ofisi Rosstat verilerine g\u00f6re halk\u0131n y\u00fczde 62\u2019sinin giyecek ve yiyecek almak i\u00e7in yeterli paras\u0131 var.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkede ortalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan maa\u015f\u0131 32 bin 400 (452 dolar), ortalama emekli maa\u015f\u0131 ise 16 bin 800 ruble (234 dolar). \u00dclkede \u00e7ok tasarruf yap\u0131labildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek de do\u011fru olmaz. Levada Center isimli STK\u2019n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 Rus\u2019tan ikisinin birikimi yok.<\/p>\n<p>Putin\u2019in ilk iki d\u00f6neminde halk\u0131n ya\u015fam standard\u0131 g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir bi\u00e7imde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu art\u0131\u015fta hidrokarbon kaynaklar\u0131n de\u011ferlenmesinin de etkisi vard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca kom\u00fcnizm sonras\u0131 toplum t\u00fcketim ve seyahat gibi kavramlarla tan\u0131\u015f\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta harcamalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dogal-kaynak-zengini-rusyanin-ekonomisi-nasil.webp\" alt width=\"840\" height=\"840\"><\/p>\n<h3><strong>VERG\u0130LER ARTTI<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>2013\u2019ten bu yana ekonomide i\u015fler istendi\u011fi gibi de\u011fil. Gayri Safi Yurt \u0130\u00e7i Has\u0131la y\u00fczde 7,5 b\u00fcy\u00fcrken, halktan al\u0131nan vergilerin oran\u0131na zam geldi. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan resmi tahminlerde \u00fclkede ortalama maa\u015f\u0131n, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2 bin 700 dolara ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Rusya devletinin gelirlerinin \u00fc\u00e7te biri petrol ve do\u011falgaz sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Ekonomist Evgueni Gontmacher\u2019e g\u00f6re do\u011fal kaynaklara dayal\u0131 bu ekonomi \u00fclkeyi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcyor ve halk i\u00e7in yeterli geliri yaratm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Son 10 y\u0131lda, \u00fclkeden hammadde ihra\u00e7 edenler, memurlar ve askerlerin gelirlerinde bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Emekliler ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u015feyi s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dogal-kaynak-zengini-rusyanin-ekonomisi-nasil-1.webp\" alt width=\"1600\" height=\"900\"><figcaption>Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin Moskova&#8217;daki Rusya Enerji Haftas\u0131&#8217;nda konu\u015fma yaparken&#8230; Foto\u011fraf: Reuters<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Y\u00dcZDE 1, Y\u00dcZDE 60&#8217;LIK SERVET\u0130 KONTROL ED\u0130YOR<\/h3>\n<p>Rusya\u2019da en zengin y\u00fczde 1\u2019lik kesim, \u00fclkedeki refah\u0131n neredeyse y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ediyor. Bu oran Fransa\u2019da y\u00fczde 22. Rusya Federasyonu\u2019ndaki 85 b\u00f6lgenin 72\u2019si b\u00fct\u00e7elerini denkle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in devlet deste\u011fine ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenler ayda 200 euro maa\u015f alabiliyor bu maa\u015f ba\u015fkent Moskova\u2019da ise be\u015f kat\u0131na kadar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Yani b\u00f6lgesel e\u015fitsizlik \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131ndan biri.<\/p>\n<p>Peki do\u011fal kaynak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu kadar zengin olan bir \u00fclke bu f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fini sa\u011flayamaz m\u0131? Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketi FBK\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu Igor Nikolaev\u2019e g\u00f6re Rusya\u2019n\u0131n elit tabakas\u0131nda \u2018her an her \u015fey olabilir\u2019 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc hakim. Son 100 y\u0131lda iki kez sert \u015fekilde rejimin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi bir \u00fclke i\u00e7in bu anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir duygu. Nikolaev, \u201cErtesi g\u00fcne duyulan endi\u015fe, her \u015feyin \u00e7\u00f6kebilece\u011fi hissi, 1990\u2019larda elitler aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Onlar makro ekonomik verilerin iyi olmas\u0131 konusunda saplant\u0131l\u0131lar ama ger\u00e7ekte ekonomik geli\u015fme eksik\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>EL\u0130TLER NE D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcN\u00dcYOR?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Ekonomist Evgueni Gontmacher, insanlar protesto etmedik\u00e7e ve rejim y\u00fcksek fiyattan do\u011falgaz satmaya devam ettik\u00e7e halk\u0131n refah\u0131nda bir de\u011fi\u015fim olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor. Siyaset bilimci Fyodor Krasheninnikov\u2019a g\u00f6re; \u00fclkenin elitleri paran\u0131n Suriye, Libya gibi &#8216;ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6nemli olan&#8217; yerlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, halk\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin kaynaklar\u0131na dokunulmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/dogal-kaynak-zengini-rusyanin-ekonomisi-nasil-2.webp\" alt width=\"929\" height=\"1200\"><figcaption><span>Varl\u0131kl\u0131 Ruslar \u00fclkelerinin Suriye&#8217;de olan pozisyonunu olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131ndan takip ederken Newsweek dergisi Esad&#8217;\u0131n \u00fclkenin ba\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funun art\u0131k kabul edildi\u011fini belirten bir ba\u015f yaz\u0131 ile birlikte bu say\u0131s\u0131nda &#8216;He is back&#8217; (O geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc&#8217;) yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir kapakla \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Rusya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti neredeyse her y\u0131l sonunda b\u00fct\u00e7e fazlas\u0131 veriyor. 2019\u2019un sonunda b\u00fct\u00e7ede 28.2 milyar euro fazla para kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rusya Covid-19 pandemisi s\u00fcresince halk\u0131na nakit yard\u0131m yapt\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl\u2019deki se\u00e7imlerden \u00f6nce de emeklilere 118 euro, askerlere de 175 euro ikramiye \u00f6dendi.<\/p>\n<p>Devletin i\u00e7inde de ekonominin gidi\u015fat\u0131 konusunda endi\u015feli olanlar var. Maliye Bakan\u0131 Anton Siloanov ve Merkez Bankas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Elvira Nabioullina sosyal riskler konusunda endi\u015feliler, enflasyonu g\u00f6rebiliyorlar ve ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan izliyorlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>-Yukar\u0131daki derlemede yer alan bilgilerin tamam\u0131 Le Monde\u2019da Benoit Vitkine imzas\u0131yla yer alan \u2018 Russie riche, Russes pauvres\u2019 isimli makaleden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri olan Rusya&#8217;da ekonomi son y\u0131llarda istendi\u011fi gibi de\u011fil. Devlet halk\u0131n ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20030"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20030\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}