{"id":16542,"date":"2021-09-27T08:47:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T08:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberglobal.com.tr\/dunya\/almanya-bu-kadar-buyuk-bir-meclisi-ne-yapacak-135119"},"modified":"2021-09-27T08:47:00","modified_gmt":"2021-09-27T08:47:00","slug":"almanya-bu-kadar-buyuk-bir-meclisi-ne-yapacak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/2021\/09\/27\/almanya-bu-kadar-buyuk-bir-meclisi-ne-yapacak\/","title":{"rendered":"Almanya bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir meclisi ne yapacak?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/almanya-bu-kadar-buyuk-bir-meclisi-ne-yapacak.jpg\"> <\/p>\n<p>Almanya tarihi bir de\u011fi\u015fimin e\u015fi\u011finde. Kesin olmayan se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re muhafazakar parti ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck kan kaybederken \u00fclkenin sola do\u011fru kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yerine bir ba\u015fbakan bulundu\u011fu anda emekli olacak Angela Merkel\u2019in partisi CDU ve Bayveral\u0131 orta\u011f\u0131 CSU y\u00fczde 24.1 oyda kalarak gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en k\u00f6t\u00fc se\u00e7im performans\u0131na imza att\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Sosyal Demokrat Parti ise liderleri Olaf Scholz ile birlikte y\u00fczde 25.7 oy alarak tarihi bir se\u00e7im zaferine imza att\u0131. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f ve g\u00f6\u00e7men kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olmas\u0131 ile bilinen AfD ise \u00f6nceki se\u00e7im ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tesad\u00fcf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stererek y\u00fczde 10\u2019un \u00fczerinde bir oy ald\u0131. Almanya \u00f6nceki se\u00e7ime g\u00f6re sola kaym\u0131\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fckse de AfD\u2019nin y\u00fcksek oy oran\u0131 hala dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/almanya-bu-kadar-buyuk-bir-meclisi-ne-yapacak.webp\" alt width=\"1600\" height=\"1600\"><\/p>\n<p>An itibariyle Almanya meclisinde (Bundestag) 709 milletvekili olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. (Yeni se\u00e7imlerle bu say\u0131 735&#8217;e \u00e7\u0131kacak.) Bu rakamla da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kalabal\u0131k \u00fclkesi olan \u00c7in\u2019den sonra en fazla milletvekilini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran parlamento Alman meclisi. Son se\u00e7im sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu rakam\u0131n 900 milletvekilini a\u015fma potansiyeli bile vard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NASIL B\u0130R SE\u00c7\u0130M S\u0130STEM\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Peki 83 milyonluk n\u00fcfusu olan Almanya\u2019n\u0131n parlamentosu neden bu kadar kalabal\u0131k? Almanlar federal h\u00fck\u00fcmeti se\u00e7erken sadece milletvekillerini se\u00e7miyor. Federal, eyalet veya yerel, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu se\u00e7imler i\u00e7in her se\u00e7menin iki oyu var:&nbsp;Birinci (Erststimme)&nbsp;ve&nbsp;ikinci oylama (Zweitstimme). \u0130lk oylama ile se\u00e7menler kendi b\u00f6lgelerinden bir aday se\u00e7iyorlar (Direktwahl). \u0130kinci oylar\u0131n\u0131 ise bir partiye veriyorlar (Verh\u00e4ltniswahl).<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci oy daha \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu oylama ile meclisteki koltuklar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na karar veriliyor. Bu sistem ayr\u0131ca&nbsp;&#8220;ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f nispi temsil&#8221; (personalisierte Verh\u00e4ltniswahl)&nbsp;olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sistem \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck partilerin de meclise girmesi i\u00e7in tasarland\u0131. \u015eu an Almanya\u2019da 299 se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgesi var. Buna g\u00f6re teoride mecliste 598 milletvekili olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer bir parti ikinci oy sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 gerekenden daha fazla milletvekili \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsa bu vekilleri meclise sokmas\u0131na izin veriliyor. Buna \u2018\u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131\u2019 koltuk ismi veriliyor. Bunu telafi etmek i\u00e7in di\u011fer partilerin vekil say\u0131lar\u0131 da oran \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. 2017 se\u00e7imlerinde bu gerek\u00e7e ile 111 ekstra koltuk ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yani kotas\u0131ndan daha fazla vekil \u00e7\u0131karan bir partinin adaylar\u0131n\u0131 meclise sokan sistem di\u011fer partilerin adaylar\u0131n\u0131 da ayn\u0131 oranda art\u0131rarak o isimleri de meclise sokuyor.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/almanya-bu-kadar-buyuk-bir-meclisi-ne-yapacak-1.jpg\" alt width=\"1600\" height=\"1599\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130K\u0130 B\u00dcY\u00dcK PART\u0130 VARKEN SORUN YOK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anayasa Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Sophie Sch\u00f6nberger\u2019e g\u00f6re; \u201cAlmanya\u2019da iki b\u00fcy\u00fck parti yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bu sistem iyi bir \u015fekilde i\u015fliyor.\u201d \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00fczende SPD ve CDU en fazla iki oyu alan parti olarak s\u0131ralan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Fakat Almanya art\u0131k hi\u00e7 de iki partili bir sisteme dayanm\u0131yor. Ye\u015filler, Sol Parti ve \u00d6zg\u00fcr Demokrat Parti de parlamentoya vekil sokabiliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 politika ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 Klaus St\u00fcwe, \u201cBu h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc yarat\u0131yor, her parti art\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok vekil sokuyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsanlar ilk tercih ettikleri partinin aday\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil de rakibi ge\u00e7ece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fka biri i\u00e7in oyu kulland\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sistem daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir hale geldi.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/almanya-bu-kadar-buyuk-bir-meclisi-ne-yapacak-1.webp\" alt width=\"1600\" height=\"900\"><figcaption><span>Almanya&#8217;da birinci gelen parti SDP&#8217;nin lideri Olaf Scholz T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in &#8220;Almanya ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir ba\u011f var. \u0130nsanlar bizi birbirimize ba\u011fl\u0131yor&#8221; de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulunmu\u015ftu. Foto\u011fraf: Reuters<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>BU KALABALIKTA SORUNLAR NASIL TARTI\u015eILACAK?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anayasa profes\u00f6r\u00fc Sch\u00f6ngerber\u2019e g\u00f6re bu denli kalabal\u0131k bir mecliste sorunlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lma ihtimali zay\u0131f. Almanya\u2019da milletvekilleri vergiler \u00f6ncesi ayda 10 bin euro ve vergiden muaf 4.560 euro al\u0131yorlar. Ayr\u0131ca meclise girdiklerinde de ayakbast\u0131 paras\u0131 olarak 12 bin euro kazan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n<p>St\u00fcwe\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgelerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak. Buna en \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan ise CDU\u2019nun orta\u011f\u0131 Bavyeral\u0131 CSU. CSU Almanya i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kritik bir parti ama \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lge a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcney kentlerinde. St\u00fcwe, \u201cSon 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r insanlar riskleri b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Se\u00e7imden \u00f6nce iki b\u00fcy\u00fck parti SPD ve CDU se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgesi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 280\u2019e indirme konusunda karar vermi\u015flerdi. 2025 se\u00e7imlerinde bu uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yukar\u0131daki derlemede yer alan bilgilerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Deutsche Welle&#8217;de yer alan &#8216;Bloated Bundestag: Trouble for German democracy?&#8217; isimli makaleden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ek kaynak: Hand Book Germany<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Almanya demokrasisi temsilde dengeyi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in g\u00f6rece az oy alan partilere bile Meclis&#8217;te \u00f6nemli say\u0131da milletvekili veriyor. Bu sebepten d\u00fcnyan\u0131n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16543,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16542\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}