{"id":12036,"date":"2021-09-06T12:21:02","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T12:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/haberglobal.com.tr\/dunya\/hindistan-da-secim-kara-para-25-inci-kez-denemek-ve-sandik-kacirmak-130872"},"modified":"2021-09-06T12:21:02","modified_gmt":"2021-09-06T12:21:02","slug":"hindistanda-secim-kara-para-25inci-kez-denemek-ve-sandik-kacirmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/2021\/09\/06\/hindistanda-secim-kara-para-25inci-kez-denemek-ve-sandik-kacirmak\/","title":{"rendered":"Hindistan&#8217;da se\u00e7im: Kara para, 25&#8217;inci kez denemek ve sand\u0131k ka\u00e7\u0131rmak&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"media_block\"><\/div>\n<p>Son 60 y\u0131lda Hindistan\u2019da eyalet ve parlamento se\u00e7imlerinde 2 bin 751 siyasi parti yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Genel se\u00e7imlerde 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda 29 parti yar\u0131\u015f\u0131rken 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu say\u0131 669\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu, neredeyse y\u00fczde 2 bin 200 art\u0131\u015f demek.<\/p>\n<p>Bu parti kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda Meclis\u2019e 21 parti milletvekili sokarken 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu say\u0131 sadece y\u00fczde 71 artarak 36\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yani parti say\u0131s\u0131nda bir patlama olsa da meclise vekil sokmay\u0131 ba\u015faran parti say\u0131s\u0131 o kadar artmad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1962\u2019den bu yana sadece 15 parti b\u00fct\u00fcn ulusal se\u00e7imlerde yar\u0131\u015f\u0131rken 25 parti bu se\u00e7imlerin sadece 10 tanesinde yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hindistan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfusundan dolay\u0131 kendini \u2018d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck demokrasisi\u2019 olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Uzmanlara g\u00f6re Hindistan\u2019da sadece bir \u00fcyesi olan politik partiler dahi var. Baz\u0131 partilerin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 ise \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc ge\u00e7miyor. Son genel se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131lan partilerin y\u00fczde 91\u2019i mecliste bir koltuk bile kazanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>22 SE\u00c7\u0130M 353 ADAY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yeni Delhi\u2019ye gitme umudu ile haz\u0131rlanan 9 bin 809 ki\u015fi aynen evlerine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Geriye d\u00f6n\u00fcp bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise en az be\u015f se\u00e7imde yar\u0131\u015f\u0131p hi\u00e7birinde meclise vekil sokamayan 41 parti oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rneklerden biri Amra Bangali partisi. Siyasi hareket 100\u2019den fazla aday\u0131 ile dokuz genel, 26 yerel se\u00e7ime girdi ve hi\u00e7birinde meclise vekil sokamad\u0131. Shoshit Samaj Dal partisi ise 22 yerel se\u00e7ime 353 adayla kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu se\u00e7imlerden sadece \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc kazanabildi.<\/p>\n<p>Son y\u0131llarda \u00fclkede bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z aday \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ya\u015fan\u0131yor. 1962 se\u00e7imlerinden bu yana ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z aday say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 622 artm\u0131\u015f. 2019 se\u00e7imlerinde 3460 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z adaydan sadece d\u00f6rd\u00fc parlamentoya girmeye hak kazanm\u0131\u015f. Vijayprakash Kondekar son 25 se\u00e7imi kaybeden 75 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir aday.<\/p>\n<p>Soruldu\u011fu zaman, \u201cPartide siyaset yapman\u0131n tek yol olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 insanlara g\u00f6stermek istiyorum\u201d diyor. Son 25 se\u00e7imde de bunu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Ashoka \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Profes\u00f6r Gilles Veriner, \u201c\u0130nsanlar se\u00e7imlerde aday olmay\u0131 sosyal stat\u00fc olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlar\u201d diyor. Vernier Hindistan\u2019\u0131n politik iklimini \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cSiyasi partiler kamusal alanda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Toplum, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve siyasi partiler aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok az bir ba\u011f var. \u0130nsanlar bunu de\u011fi\u015ftirebileceklerini hissediyorlar ve bu y\u00fczden se\u00e7imlere giriyorlar\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Hindistan se\u00e7im sistemine g\u00f6re en \u00e7ok oyu alan parti en b\u00f6lgesindeki t\u00fcm vekilleri al\u0131yor. Hindistan\u2019da siyasi partiler gelir vergisi \u00f6demekten muaf, bu sebepten partileri para aklama arac\u0131 olarak kullananlar da var. Hindistan\u2019da siyasi partilerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplamas\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 kurallara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f. Genel veya yerel se\u00e7imlerde oylar\u0131n en az y\u00fczde 1\u2019ini toplam\u0131\u015f partilerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplamas\u0131na izin var. Son se\u00e7imlerde yar\u0131\u015fan 43 partiden sadece 1\u2019inin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplamaya izni bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PART\u0130 SAYISI 90&#8217;LARDA PATLADI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1980\u2019lerde askerlerin y\u00f6netimde s\u00f6z sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 90\u2019larda Indrha Ghandi\u2019nin g\u00f6reve gelmesi ile birlikte Hindistan\u2019da siyasi parti say\u0131s\u0131 patlad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Hint politikas\u0131n\u0131 bilen isimlere g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikle yerel se\u00e7imlerde se\u00e7imleri kazanmak \u00e7ok zor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her bir se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgesinde pek \u00e7ok etnik k\u00f6kenden insan yer al\u0131yor ve bunlar\u0131n hepsinin oyuna talip bir liderin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n<p>Peki 900 milyon se\u00e7menin oy verdi\u011fi bu se\u00e7imleri Hindistan nas\u0131l organize ediyor? S\u00f6z konusu Hindistan\u2019da se\u00e7imse d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 12\u2019si oy veriyor demek. Son Nisan se\u00e7imlerinden s\u00f6z edecek olursak \u00fclkede 1 milyon sand\u0131k kuruluyor. Oy verme b\u00f6lgelerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in fil, deve, bisiklet, kay\u0131k ve helikopter gibi hangi ula\u015f\u0131m alan\u0131 varsa kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Sand\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131nda \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131 ve sand\u0131k ka\u00e7\u0131rma gibi durumlara s\u0131k rastlan\u0131yor. Bundan dolay\u0131 \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sand\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131na gitmedi\u011fi varsay\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 se\u00e7menin birden \u00e7ok oy kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in y\u00fcz tan\u0131ma teknolojisinin bile kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015f. Ge\u00e7en nisan ay\u0131ndaki se\u00e7imler 543 se\u00e7im b\u00f6lgesinde 6 haftada tamamland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>-Yukar\u0131daki derlemede yer alan bilgilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc BBC&#8217;de Soutik Biswas ve Vijdan Mohammad Kawoosa imzas\u0131 ile yay\u0131mlanan &#8216;What election losers tell us about Indian democracy&#8217; isimli makaleden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"content-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/hindistanda-secim-kara-para-25inci-kez-denemek-ve-sandik-kacirmak.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&lt;p&gt;Son 60 y\u0131lda Hindistan\u2019da eyalet ve parlamento se\u00e7imlerinde 2 bin 751 siyasi parti yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Genel se\u00e7imlerde 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda 29 parti yar\u0131\u015f\u0131rken&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12037,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12036\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istanbulchannel.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}